Notes to Projected
Consolidated Income Statement Overview The Debtors project operating margins of
8-11% and EBITDAR margins of 16-18% in 2007-2010. Operating Revenue Passenger
Revenue: The Debtors project passenger revenue of $15.7 billion for 2006, an increase
of 7% over 2005, due to fare increases that reflect strong passenger demand and
capacity reductions in the airline industry, as well as the Debtors strategy of
restructuring its network to rebalance the mix of domestic and international
flying. Over the Projection Period, Passenger revenue is forecast to increase
at an average annual rate of 6%, or a total of $4.1 billion. The increase is
due to capacity growth combined with an increase in load factor and passenger
mile yield, such that Passenger revenue in 2010 is projected to be $19.8
billion. This increase includes a $3.0 billion increase in Mainline Passenger
revenue and a $1.1 billion increase in Regional Affiliates Passenger revenue
(through Delta Connection), the two components that comprise Passenger revenue.
The Debtors assume that they will achieve unit revenue parity among network
peers by 2008. The Debtors forecast consolidated PRASM of 10.58 cents for 2006,
an increase of 13.5% over 2005. In the Projection Period, consolidated PRASM is
expected to increase 4% in 2007 and then at an average annual rate of 2% for
2008 to 2010, such that consolidated PRASM in 2010 is expected to be 11.74
cents. The Debtors project consolidated ASMs of 148 billion for 2006, a
decrease of 5% over 2005. In the Projection Period, consolidated capacity is
forecast to increase at an average annual rate of 3%, or a total of 21 billion
ASMs, such that consolidated capacity in 2010 is projected to be 169 billion
ASMs. During the Projection Period, mainline domestic capacity is forecast to
decrease at an average annual rate of 3% and mainline international capacity is
forecast to rise at an average annual rate of 13%, reflecting the Debtors
strategy of shifting flying from domestic to international markets and the
acquisition of more than 60 mainline aircraft by 2010. Regional capacity during
the Projection Period is forecast to increase at an average annual rate of 3%.
Cargo Revenue: The Debtors provide freight and mail transportation using cargo
space on their passenger aircraft. Revenue forecasts are developed based on
volume and yield assumptions for the freight and mail businesses. Growth of
$161 million in cargo revenues, primarily due to capacity increases, is
forecast over the Projection Period. Other Revenue: This includes Debtors lines
of businesses related to their core scheduled passenger service operation,
including SkyMiles®, Crown Room Clubs, in-flight sales (liquor, entertainment
and duty-free), training services and charter operations. The Debtors anticipate
total Other revenue of $1.2 billion for 2006, an increase of 11% over 2005.
Over the Projection Period, Other revenue is projected to increase at an
average annual rate of 2%, such that Other revenue in 2010 is projected to be
$1.3 billion, a $118 million increase as compared to 9 2006. Growth forecasts
for these various operations are driven by existing contractual agreements,
management expectations for certain business lines and inflationary growth.
Operating Expenses Aircraft Fuel: Aircraft fuel is projected to be the Debtors
largest expense. The Financial Projections assume fuel price escalation
consistent with recent experience, resulting in a cost for jet fuel of $2.00
per gallon for 2007, with 5% annual increases in the price of jet fuel for
2008-2010. To mitigate exposure to fuel price volatility, the Debtors intend to
continue their fuel hedging program using derivative fuel contracts that
qualify for hedge accounting. Salaries and related costs: Labor costs are
projected to be the Debtors second largest expense, representing approximately
20% of annual operating expenses during the Projection Period. During the
post-petition period, the Debtors lowered employment costs by headcount
reductions and salary rate and benefit cost decreases for pilot and non-pilot
employees. During the Projection Period, these expenses are forecast based on
anticipated operating levels, the impact of ongoing initiatives to improve
productivity, the terms of the renegotiated ALPA and PAFCA contracts, and the
projected wages and benefits for ground, flight attendant and management
employees. During the post-petition period, the Debtors also restructured their
post-retirement benefits under section 1114 of the Bankruptcy Code, which is
estimated to reduce retiree healthcare costs by approximately $50 million
annually, beginning in 2007. Largely through the restructuring efforts, the
Debtors reduced total labor cost from $5.1 billion in 2005 to $4.1 billion in
2006. In the Projection Period, labor costs, excluding profit sharing expense,
are anticipated to decline in 2007 and then begin to grow in 2008, driven by
rate increases and headcount growth, partially offset by full-year savings from
Pilot Plan termination and additional productivity improvements. Contract
Carrier Arrangements: Expenses incurred by the Debtors for their independent
regional carriers3 include a base fee, a performance adjusted margin, and
certain pass through expenses including fuel. The base fee is calculated based
on contractual rates per various unit measures of capacity. The Debtors have
competitively bid contractual agreements with certain regional carriers during
the post-petition period, reducing the associated expenses, limiting expense
growth, and improving operational performance. Contract Carrier expenses are
expected to increase at an average annual rate of 8%, which incorporates the
projected increases in jet fuel prices and regional capacity. 3 Financial
Projections reflect operations under contract carrier arrangements with SkyWest
Airlines, Inc., Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc., Chautauqua Airlines, Inc.,
Shuttle America Corporation, and Freedom Airlines, Inc. 10 Depreciation and
Amortization: The Financial Projections include depreciation and amortization
on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the property and
equipment, primarily flight equipment. Useful life generally ranges from 3 to
25 years depending on the fixed asset. The Financial Projections anticipate
capital expenditures between $350 million and $1.9 billion per year in order to
support the Debtors operations. Contracted Services: Contracted services
expense is primarily comprised of charges for contracted airport services such
as ramp and cargo handling, as well as temporary staffing. These expenses vary
with the volume of the related activities and inflation, and are projected to
decrease at an average annual rate of 1% through the Projection Period.
Passenger Commissions and Other Selling Expenses: Passenger commissions and
other selling expenses are comprised of charges for travel agency commissions
and the costs of distributing Delta tickets through global distribution
systems. These expenses generally tend to vary with total revenue and are
projected to increase at an average annual rate of 6%. Landing Fees and Other
Rent: The Debtors lease various airport and non-airport facilities for which
they incur rent expense and municipal bond servicing costs. The Financial
Projections reflect anticipated savings resulting from the planned
restructuring of various municipal bond obligations and the Debtors ongoing
efforts to optimize their use of real estate. Landing fees are incurred as a
function of arrivals/departures, aircraft weight and rates established by the
various airports. The Financial Projections anticipate a 1% average annual
decrease in landing fees as a result of expected changes in rates charged by
the various airports served by the Debtors. Aircraft Maintenance Materials and
Outside Repairs: The Debtors outsourced all heavy airframe maintenance and certain
engine maintenance activities in early 2006. Prior to outsourcing, labor costs
were reported in Salaries and related costs. Beginning in 2006, outsourced
labor costs are reflected in Aircraft maintenance materials and outside
repairs. Beyond 2006, inflationary price increases and incremental maintenance
requirements are expected to drive 3% average annual increases in aircraft
maintenance materials and outside repairs over the Projection Period. Passenger
Service: Passenger service is comprised of charges for catering and
provisioning of supplies onboard the aircraft. These expenses tend to vary with
the volume of flights and inflation, and are projected to increase at an
average annual rate of 6%. Aircraft Rent: Aircraft rent reflects the operating
expense associated with the Debtors aircraft financed under operating leases.
In addition, the Debtors operate various aircraft under debt financing and
capital lease structures. Expenses related to these aircraft are reflected in
depreciation and interest expense, which includes debt discount amortization,
where applicable. During the post-petition period, the Debtors significantly
reduced their aircraft-related obligations by rejecting certain aircraft leases
and certain mortgaged aircraft, and renegotiating aircraft obligations for
certain retained aircraft. Many of these transactions are subject to definitive
documentation and Bankruptcy Court approval. 11 Other: Other expenses are
primarily comprised of communications, utilities, fuel taxes, professional fees
and general supplies. In addition, expenses associated with providing services
to third parties (i.e. maintenance, ground handling and training services) are
included in Other expenses. These expenses tend to vary with the size of the
related activities and inflation. However, as a result of the Debtors ongoing
cost control efforts, aggregate Other expenses are forecast to decrease at an
average annual rate of 4% during the Projection Period. Profit Sharing: The
Financial Projections include profit-sharing for all employees, based on 15% of
pre-tax profits up to $1.5 billion and 20% over $1.5 billion, ranging from $200
million to $450 million in 2007-2010. Income Taxes: The Debtors assume a
statutory tax rate of approximately 38% throughout the Projection Period. The
Debtors expect to utilize federal NOLs, subject to statutory limitations, to
offset all of the Debtors anticipated federal taxable income during the
Projection Period. The utilization of federal NOLs will significantly reduce
the Debtors cash burden with respect to the payment of income taxes.
Application of alternative minimum tax requirements results in minor cash tax
payments during the Projection Period. Notes to Projected Consolidated Balance
Sheet Assumptions Capital Structure: The Debtors capital structure is assumed
to be as follows: (a) New Credit Facility: On or after the Effective Date,
Reorganized Delta and certain of the Reorganized Subsidiary Debtors will enter
into the New Credit Facility, which is expected to consist of revolving credit,
letter of credit and term loan credit facilities. Reorganized Delta will use
the New Credit Facility to repay the DIP Facility Claims and the Amex
Post-Petition Facility Claims, to make other payments required under the Plan
and to fund the post-reorganization operations of the Reorganized Debtors. The
DIP Facility consists of a $600 million Term Loan A arranged by GECC, a $700
million Term Loan B arranged by GECC and a $600 million Term Loan C arranged
jointly by GECC and Morgan Stanley. The estimated outstanding balance as of the
Effective Date is $1.9 billion. The Amex Post-Petition Facility consists of
substantially identical supplements to the two existing agreements under the
SkyMiles Agreements for $350 million. The estimated outstanding balance as of
the Effective Date is $94 million. The terms of the New Credit Facility will be
set forth in a Plan Supplement. (b) Other Secured Debt: Secured notes payable
to GECC that are secured by spare engines, spare parts and aircraft,
respectively, will remain outstanding. An irrevocable, direct pay letter of
credit issued by GECC backing outstanding principal amounts of certain
municipal bonds will also remain in place. As a result, the Reorganized Debtor
will continue to be obligated pursuant to a reimbursement agreement to
reimburse GE for drawings under these letters of 12 credit, and these
reimbursement obligations are also secured by aircraft and other collateral.
(c) New Delta Debt Securities: Pursuant to the Plan, the Debtors anticipate
issuing $875 million of new unsecured notes in satisfying claims negotiated
with ALPA and the PBGC. Debt securities to be issued to ALPA are $650 million
Senior Unsecured Notes ( ALPA Notes ), which will be issued no later than 120
days following the Effective Date. Upon issuance, an interest rate shall be
determined to ensure that the ALPA Notes trade at par. The ALPA Notes are
prepayable without penalty at any time with cash prior to their issuance. The
terms provide for no amortization payments during the Projection Period. Debt
securities to be issued pursuant to the PBGC Settlement Agreement are $225
million of Senior Unsecured Notes ( PBGC Notes ). The PBGC Notes are to be
issued on the Effective Date or as soon as reasonably practical thereafter, but
in no event more than seven business days after emergence. Upon issuance, an
interest rate shall be determined to ensure that the PBGC Notes trade at par.
The PBGC Notes are prepayable without penalty at any time with cash prior to
their issuance and the Reorganized Debtor is required to do so on a pro rata
basis to the extent that cash replaces all or a portion of the ALPA Notes. The
terms provide for no amortization payments during the Projection Period. (d)
New Delta Common Stock: For purposes of the Financial Projections, no value has
been ascribed to the common equity of the Reorganized Debtors. To the extent
the Debtors commence the New Equity Investment Rights Offering as discussed in
the Plan, the proceeds would be incremental to any value ultimately ascribed to
common equity. Notes to Projected Consolidated Cash Flow During the Projection
Period, the Reorganized Debtors project their business operations to generate
significant cash flow to support overall debt levels and reinvest in the
business. During the Projection Period, the Reorganized Debtors business plan
projects free cash flow in excess of $7 billion, provides for approximately $6
billion of required capital investment, and maintains unrestricted liquidity in
excess of $2 billion at all times. Cash Flow From Operating Activities: The
Reorganized Debtors project they will generate positive cash flow from
operations throughout the Projection Period. Cash flow from operating
activities is projected to increase from an estimated $1.6 billion cash inflow in
2006 to $3.4 billion cash inflow by 2010, for aggregate cash produced from
operating activities during the Projection Period of $12.6 billion. Improved
cash flow is a result of, among other things, the projected growth in revenue
throughout the Projection Period, coupled with reductions in salaries and
related costs, reductions in aircraft rents, concessions from vendors and
various other cost reduction initiatives implemented during the Chapter 11
cases. 13 Cash Flow From Investing Activities: Net cash flow from investing
activities is projected to use cash totaling $5.4 billion over the Projection
Period. This reflects non-aircraft capital expenditures of between $600 million
and $650 million per
Here's another "real world example people can learn from". The model can be downloaded by following the link at the bottom of the first post on the linked page. Modano and its sister/predecessor BPM are renowned financial modelling companies (with Modano offering software and BPM offering consulting). You do need to create an account with Modano, I do not expect any issues with this but have not done it myself. The model can be previewed at the following link without signing up to anything I know a couple of the Modano/BPM team and am pretty confident they are still there. If there are any comments that I think they might be interested in or questions that they might prefer to answer themselves, I would try to point them this way. Please share any thoughts or questions! For what it's worth, this is not my preferred modelling approach but it is a bit closer than that in the Operis model I shared a month ago. Similarly, I appreciate what they do here. ...
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